Unit+Three

1. Cotton Farming
 * ===The Growth of Cotton Farming, Slavery, & Plantations===
 * Instability of tobacco cultivation
 * Inherent limits of sugar, rice, and long staple cotton
 * Short-staple cotton - Hardier and coarser strain of cotton that could grow successfully in a variety of climates and soil. Harder to process than long-staple. Seeds were difficult to remove from fiber.
 * Demand for cotton grew rapidly
 * Textile industries in Britain and New England created high demands
 * Cotton was the key to the Southern economy by the 1850's
 * 5000,000 bales of cotton, 3 million per year
 * King Cotton

2. Slavery
 * Number of slaves expanded from 41,000 to 435,000 between 1820's-1860's
 * Slaves moved from upper South to cotton states
 * Sale of slaves in the Southwest became important economic activity



3. Plantations
 * lavery and plantations had different characteristics in different regions of the South
 * In the Upper South, which developed first, historians have defined planters as those who held 20 or more slaves
 * Majority of slaveholders held 10 or fewer slaves
 * Development of the Deep South for cotton cultivation depended on large plantations with much more acreage than was typical of the Chesapeake Bay area, and for labor planters held hundreds of slaves.
 * South Carolina mainly had large rice and cotton plantations which had hundreds of saves.

Social Structure in the 1800's on Bubbl.us
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Chapter 12 Preview and Data Collection
//__**Antebellum Culture and Reform**__//
 * (Pre-war most likely referring to 30-40 years before the Civil War 1820-1860)**
 * Education reform - new American literature and southern novels/ upcoming southern writters
 * Transcendentalists - individuals striving to find reason and understanding of the universe (i.e Emerson and Thereu)
 * Utopia - perfect society
 * Shakerism - redefinition of traditional sexuality and gender roles central to their society
 * Horace Mann (1st secretary of MA board of education) new forms of education
 * Dorothea Dix reforming the treatment of prisoners ... (Asylum Movement - for criminals and mentally ill)
 * Seneca Falls Convention - Women's rights
 * William Llyod Garrison, abolitionists (Anti-Slavery) formed societies,
 * Frederick Douglass escaped slavery and became an abolitionist
 * Harriet Beecher Stowe - Uncle Tom's Cabin (abolitionists papers)

Temperance Movement

 * Positive || Negative ||
 * * Privoiders earn money
 * Good for economy
 * Easy to make
 * Taste good
 * Relieves stress
 * Consumer's feel "fun" || * Seperates families
 * Cost of money
 * Addictive
 * Loss of brain cells
 * Can't make decisions
 * Forgetting responsibilities ||

I think alochol should still have the same restrictions as there is in today's world. Alcohol is okay to a certain extent. For example, If one adult in a family starts drinking and becomes an alocholic then that's a problem because the family will be seperated. Alochol causes a big amount of poverty and debit to some people because it's expensive even though it doesn't take much to make it. People sometimes abuse alcohol as a gateway to get away from their problems and they think it helps relieves them from all the stress in their lives. If I was an alcohol provider, I think I would only be letting the age of 21 years and older to buy it, just like the laws that we have today.


 * Temperance is about moderation and discipline, It's not prohabition.

In 1919, the 18th admendment (//Prohabition//) was passed which outlawed alcohol production in U.S. It outlawed making, selling and distributing of alochol. The constitution changed, but people didn't follow the laws, and some people even made their alochol in their own houses. Tax money was gone and they couldn't regulate, they had an illegal black market going on and government wasn't regulating or taxing. The 18th admendment was a failure. In 1923, the 21st admendment repeals the 18th admendment. Women were the demographic group that led the temperance movement, espesically married woman. Husbands spending too much famliy money on alochol, beating wifes and children when drunk (domestic violence). Husbands wern't getting up and going to work. Alochol leads to loss of production and jobs.



The Drunkard's Progress
Step 1: A glass with a friend Step 2: A glass to keep the cold out Step 3: A glass too much Step 4: Drunk and riotous Step 5: The summit attains jolly companions, A confirmed Drunkard Step 6: Poverty and disease Step 7: Forsaken by friends Step 8: Desperation and crime Step 9: Death by suicide

In this lithograph, The Dunkard's progress shows steps of a man and the consumptions of alochol. It shows with pictures of a man each step it goes up, the worse their health becomes. The first few steps shows how a wealthy man having a few drinks with friends but when it hits to step 5 they are confirmed a drunkard. At step 5 there is a woman and child under the lithograph and I think it shows that when a person reaches step 5 with alochol and they have a family, everything for their family goes downhill from there. After step 5, everything becomes much more worse as getting diseases ... in debt and poverty, and when alcohol leads a person to poverty, they are desperate for anything that they would go to an illegal extent to get whatever they need and it becomes a crime. The last step of this alochol lithograph says "death by suicide" and when a person consumes that much alochol they pretty much have nothing left in their lives and all they have is a body that is taken over by alochol and it slowly dies.



In this picture, it shows a group of women protesting that they are against their husbands that consume alcohol. Since it says "Lips that touch liquor shall not touch ours", It's basically saying that if their husbands drink, they won't get anything from their wives. Mainly married women are against the idea of men, espesically husbands drinking alochol because women were the demographics of the Temperance movement. They didn't want their husbands to drink because they would come home and be abusive. They wouldn't be able to wake up and go to work which means there wouldn't be any money coming in and they would be in debt or poverty.

Reform Movements of the 1800's
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Chapter 13 Maps

 * pg. 340 - Expanding Settlement, 1810-1850**
 * Before 1810 almost all white settlement in America was on the east coast
 * Due to the huge expansion of cottom farming in the areas of Gulf Mexico, settlement expanded westward in the 1810-1830
 * Farming trends continued throughout the cotton belt


 * pg. 345 - Western Trails in 1860**
 * In the west trails were created to facilitate travel and trade between the region and the more thickly settled areas to the east.
 * Important towns and cities grew along the trails meaning they relied on trade and travel
 * Most of the trails lead to california because the Americans were highly interested in the region of California. Many settlers established stores, imported merchandise, and developed a profitable trade with the Mexicans and Indians. Some even began to dream of including California to the U.S


 * pg. 347 - The Oregon Boundary, 1846**
 * British claim on the Oregon territory, Americans and British have agreed on a boundary to split the territory.
 * Disputes over Fort Vancouver area was important
 * British occupied land above Fort Vancouver and U.S the south
 * Treaty line of 1846 by James K. Polk


 * pg. 349 - The Mexican War, 1846-1848**
 * Disputes over U.S/Mexico borders
 * American forces coming from every direction, surprise attack on Mexico
 * U.S begins war with Spain
 * Americans 10 victories, Mexico 1


 * pg. 350 - Southwest Expansion, 1845-1853**
 * Annexation of Texas in 1845 won Mexican War in 1848
 * Additional purchase(Gadsden) from Mexico in 1853 completed continental borders of U.S
 * Large area disputed by Texas and Mexico, later by U.S and Mexico ceded by Mexico in 1848


 * pg. 354 - Slave and Free Territories under the Compromise of 1850**
 * Nullified the Missouri Compromise line, slavery was no longer ban north of the line
 * Deeper into the south, the higher percentage of slaves (South Carolina, 1850, 57.5% of slaves)
 * Popular soverignty ruled Utah and New Mexico, letting them decide for themselves (democratic) but ends up being problematic


 * pg. 363 - The Election of 1860**
 * Abraham Lincoln, Anti-slavery Republican won all the free states won 40% popular vote, majority of electoral vote
 * Stephen Douglass, Northern Democrat no strong position on the issue of slavery, won most of the border states
 * John Breckinride, Strong pro-slavery southern, Democrat carried entire South
 * Where the Louisiana Purchase occupied, a majority of it were non-voting territories

Chapter 14 Questions
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Abraham Lincoln
"To give victory to the right, not the bloody bullets, but peaceful ballots only, are necessary."
 * U.S president, supported the Civil War
 * Didn't believe the Southerners had a right to seceed.
 * Lincoln wanted to stop expansion and slavery.
 * Opposed slavery but never was an abolitionist

Robert E. Lee


"It is well that war is so terrible. We should grow to fond of it."
 * General for the Confederate Army
 * Supported the War.
 * Opposed Sucession
 * Moderate (reasonable limits)

Union (Northerners)

 * Some northerners believed that the reason they were fighting, slavery, was useless.
 * Divided because of the Civil War,

Confederates (Southerners)

 * Suceeded from the Union
 * Wanted to create their own nation
 * Thought Lincoln would abolish slavery right away when he became president because he was anti-slavery

Was the Civil War worth it or not?
The Civil War was worth it because if war never happened, the issue over slavery might've still been extended into another century. If war never happened, the 14th amendment wouldn't of been added to the Constitution which allowed freed slaves protected citizenship and civil liberties. War was the only option at the time between the Union and Confederates because they were at the point where compromises and arguments would not be able to change anything. Even though there were a large amount of casulities in the Union and Confederates, there were also major positive impacts because of the Civil War such as, it strengthed the North's economy but it weakened the South. Slaves (African Americans) even got the chance to gain freedom and independence but it was only for a short period of time because during the Reconstruction era, the whites were segregating between races. Even though the South was weakened and almost diminished, the south had a chance to Reconstruct itself and create a whole new society.

Lisa

 * Necessary to preserve the Union
 * Didn't matter what conflicts caused the Civil War, Union needed it to be successful

Prayush

 * Waste of 6000,000 lives to free people who would wait a hundred years to be equal
 * Idea of South/North not united (still today)